Interdisciplinary Book Reviews

How Mercier and Sperber reframe reasoning as justification and argumentation in human interaction. Overview Mercier and Sperber’s The Enigma of Reason challenges one of the most entrenched assumptions in cognitive science: that reason evolved primarily to improve individual knowledge and decision-making. Instead, they argue that reason is best understood as a social adaptation, designed to justify our actions and persuade others. This reframing positions reason not as a solitary truth-seeking faculty, but as a tool for navigating the complexities of human cooperation and communication. Previous works such as Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011), building on his collaboration with Amos Tversky, summarized decades of research revealing flaws in reasoning. Much of human decision-making relies on mental shortcuts or heuristics, characteristic of System 1 thinking, which depend in part on intuitions shaped by regularities in nature. Kahneman emphasized the slow and effortful work of Sy...

The Malleability of  Memory: A conversation  With Elizabeth Loftus By    Howard Burton Reviewed  By Geoffrey W. Sutton This is an informative short overview of Elizabeth Loftus’ memory research presented as an interview. The informed host asks pertinent questions to which Loftus responds with answers about her memory findings as well as   The personal context of how she got ideas and her need for protection because of death threats. Loftus’ work has had considerable impact on the justice system. Thanks to her laboratory studies and the work of many psychological scientists, we understand that our memories can contain errors brought about by responding to questions or rethinking about past events. In addition, we can create false memories, which appear real and true but are nevertheless false. False memories can be purposely created by someone else or by ourselves. At one point, her work was particularly challenging when some psychotherapists were encouragin...