A Step-by-Step Process for
Resolving Anger and
Restoring Hope
By
Robert D. Enright
Reviewed by
Geoffrey W. Sutton
In Forgiveness is a Choice, psychologist Robert D.
Enright provides “a self-help book for people who have been deeply hurt by
another and are caught in a vortex of anger, depression, and resentment.”
Enright begins by explaining what forgiveness is, what forgiveness
is not, and what happens if we do not forgive. His explanations include
examples to help understand how people come to terms with offenses and what it
means to forgive an offender.
For his definition of forgiveness, Enright quotes British
philosopher, Joanna North.
When unjustly hurt by another, we
forgive when we overcome the resentment toward the offender, not by denying our
right to resentment, but instead by trying to offer the wrongdoer compassion,
benevolence, and love; as we give these, we as forgivers realize that the
offender does not necessarily have a right to such gifts.
Enright, like other psychologists, advise readers that
forgiveness is not condoning, excusing, forgetting, or justifying an offense.
Also, forgiveness is distinct from reconciling, which requires building trust
between two parties.
Four Phases
Having established that forgiveness is a process, Enright
explains the four phases of the model he has tested in research.
Phase 1: Uncovering your Anger
Enright presents a set of questions to help readers identify
their anger toward the offender and evaluate the impact of the offense on thoughts,
feelings, health, and even life itself.
Phase 2: Deciding to Forgive
Readers are encouraged to consider their willingness to
begin the forgiveness process.
Phase 3: Working on Forgiveness
In this phase, readers learn about understanding and
compassion, accepting pain, and giving the offender the gift of forgiveness.
Phase 4: Discovery and Release from Emotional Prison
Enright identifies several things we can discover in this
phase of the forgiveness process. For example: the meaning of suffering, your
need for forgiveness, you are not alone, the purpose of your life, freedom of
forgiveness.
Final Chapters
Two final chapters address related topics. In chapter 13,
Enright offers suggestions on helping children forgive. And In chapter 14, he
discusses reconciliation.
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I have read works by Robert Enright and Ev Worthington (see
list) and find that the scientific evidence for both forgiveness models is
robust so, it is easy to recommend them to others. The models are somewhat
different but include similar components to help us deal with powerful emotions
and recurring thoughts about the ways people have hurt us. An organized
sequence can help us reach forgiveness and let go of the past to focus on the
present and the future.
Of course, forgiveness is not a panacea and self-help
programs for forgiveness do not always work for everyone. Some may find
consulting a psychotherapist helpful. Recommendations for psychotherapists can
be found by contacting physicians or insurance companies and through
professional organizations like the APA psychologist locator https://locator.apa.org/
Cite this blog
post
Sutton, G.W. (2020, November 5). Forgiveness is a
choice-Getting to hope-A review. Sutton Reviews. https://suttonreviews.suttong.com/2020/11/forgiveness-is-choice-getting-to-hope.html
Book Reference
Enright, R.D. (2001).
Forgiveness is a choice: A step-by-step process for resolving anger and
restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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